Place the pizza dough in an oiled bowl and allow it to come to room temperature while you prepare the sauce and toppings.
Make the sauce: Saute garlic in olive oil over medium heat until it starts to turn golden brown. Add the remaining ingredients and stir to combine. Simmer over low heat for 15-20 minutes.
Make the topping: Remove stems and fronds from the fennel and chop the bulb into small pieces. Heat oil over medium heat in a saute pan, then add the garlic and chopped fennel. Cook until soft, about 5-7 minutes. Remove the sausage from its casings and add to the pan. Break up the sausage into smaller pieces with a wooden spoon as it cooks. Cook until sausage is browned, about 5-7 more minutes. Remove from heat.
Combine the grated mozzarella and grated Asiago cheeses in a bowl.
Preheat oven to 400 degrees. On an oiled 9x13 baking sheet, stretch the pizza dough until it meets all edges and corners. Top with pizza sauce, half of the cheese mixture, then the sausage mixture, then the rest of the cheese. Bake 22-24 minutes.